In Defense of Qualitative Research Methods - 1591 Words

TOPIC: Qualitative research is often said to be without structure, process and rigor. Discuss. NAME: Jepter Lorde SUBJECT: Qualitative Research Methods ABSTRACT The continued academic tension between qualitative and quantitative inquiry has continued unabated. Scholarship since the 1980s, to redefine both paradigms, attempt to bring balance and importance of the respective contribution of both research processes. This has resulted in an interesting shift for â€Å"ensuring structure, process and rigor† from the investigator’s actions during the course of the research, to the reader of the qualitative inquiry. The emphasis on Quantitative strategies implemented during the research process has been replaced by truth value, applicability,†¦show more content†¦The analysis of data focuses on patterns of interaction seeks knowledge about a group or culture or explores the life world of individuals. The techniques applied while not statistical software driven offers an accepted structured approach in data analysis. (Naresh K Malhotra 2010) Content analysis is the major approach to analyzing qualitative data it is â€Å"a systematic research method for analyzing textual information in a standardized way that allows evaluators to make inferences about that information. (Weber, 1990) â€Å"A central idea in content analysis is that the many words of the text are classified into much fewer content categories.† (Weber 1990) the essential result is an attempt at harvesting important themes without losing the richness of meaning by way of numeric analysis. It is clear therefore that qualitative research has the means with which results can be achieved without lost to structure. PROCESS To be scientific, as mentioned earlier, is to have engaged systemic enquiry, series of stages and logical sequence, simply put a course of action or process that on completion would yield results reflecting the phenomenon observed. Quantitative research to a greater extent has occupied this position of authority not only by its use of numerical data but the ability of the research when executed, using the afore mentioned steps, should allow or permit another researcher to arrive at similar conclusionsShow MoreRelatedThe Four Principles Of Mixed Methods Design968 Words   |  4 Pagesassignment for this paper is to reflect on the four principles of mixed methods design (using a design that is fixed and/or emergent, using a mixed methods design approach, matching the design to the problem, and stating the reason for mixing methods) in regards to a planned study. This paper will briefly describe how these principles can be applied to the study. The paper will first describe the planned study. The Department of Defense (DOD) recently published updated instructions 8500.01 and 8510.01Read MoreIntroduction To Research808 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Introduction to Research Research is a high-hat word that scares a lot of people. It is a welcoming attitude towards change. The research state of mind can apply to anything. It is a problem-solving mind. What is Research? Research is defined as a careful, systematic study in a field of knowledge, undertaken to discover or establish facts or principles (Webster, 1984). Research is defined as a systematic process of collecting and analyzing data to find an answer to a question or a solution to aRead MoreQualitative Phase Case study716 Words   |  3 Pagesacculturation, which will be significant or not significant predictors of students’ ASI, will be more explored in qualitative phase through detailed, in-depth data collection. Sample In this phase, I will purposefully select 10 participants who also participated in phase I research. There will two of them are in course take level, two are prepared for prospectus / proposal defense, two are in final dissertation level, and four of them are having doctoral degrees. Since those students who haveRead MoreThe Martial Arts School Program1608 Words   |  7 Pagesproposition and methodological defense to evaluate program planning in reference to the organization selected from module 2. Based to implementing the Ernie Reyes West Coast World Martial Arts Association’s program; the program implementer must commence by learning about the martial arts school program; its mission statement, goals, and objectives must be understood. These elements are capital when interested to implementing an organizational program. 1 Many methods can be utilized to implementRead MoreQualitative Study1500 Words   |  6 Pagesdesign given that is a qualitative study. In order to manage, there will be research assistants that will help especially in collection of data from the respondents. The data analysis is complex and need time and finance. The thematic approach will be used in addition to prudent coding data (Li, Chen, Zhu, 2014). Systematic observation methodology will be used to carefully observe one or more specific behaviors in a particular setting. In this naturalistic observation research the researcher is interestedRead MoreA Non Experimental Research Design1317 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Design A non-experimental research design and a mixed methods would be employed for this study. There are other designs that could have been used such as quasi-experimental, action research, experimental design etc. However, the non-experimental research design is the most appropriate for collecting descriptive information and analyzing correlational variables within IPV. The study will also involve a mixed research design, i.e. the sequential explanatory design, which would be used in integratingRead MoreForecasting Paper1450 Words   |  6 Pagesoperations managers. The two major types of forecasts are qualitative and quantitative. Within each of these types are multiple methods and models. Qualitative forecasts are based upon subjective data. Quantitative forecasts are derived from objective data. Both methods are not suitable for all situations and circumstances. Each has inherent strengths and weaknesses. The forecaster must understand the strengths and shortcomings of each met hod and choose appropriately. One example of forecastingRead MoreCyber Warfare And Its Effects On The World1683 Words   |  7 Pagesprotagonists like Richard A. Clarke and Robert K. Knake and their continued warn of cyber war’s devastating potential for first, second, and tertiary effects. Clarke and Knake use a mixed method research approach in Cyber War to support their hypothesis that offensive prowess is meaningless without solid defense in cyberspace, and that the United States need immediately fix our defensive cyber shortfalls, or face apocalyptic doom. Specifically, the authors define ‘cyber war’ as â€Å"actions by a nationRead MoreThe Impact Of Using Computer Aided Architectural Design1163 Words   |  5 Pages3.0 Research methodology The aim to investigate the impact of using Computer Aided Architectural Design (CAAD) software on students’ creativity, this section going to presents the adopted research design, criteria of sampling, data collection methods, and the data analysis methods. 3.1 Research design Since the relationship of CAAD and creativity represents a complex as reviews in literature, a combination method between case study and qualitative method approach is consider appropriate. A caseRead MoreThe Information Assessment Method1038 Words   |  4 PagesMany clinically relevant research studies are published daily; thus, it is difficult for physicians and pharmacists (indeed all healthcare professionals) to find the time to absorb this new knowledge. Electronic knowledge resources, specifically the pre-appraised evidence resources, can help family physicians in two ways. These resources provide clinical information to answer clinical questions at the point of care (Pull Technology) (e.g. Up-To-Date and Essential Evidence Plus), and they raise awareness

My First Reading Reflection By Carson F. Dye - 1137 Words

Our first reading reflection was based on books that have put leadership into practice. In other words we read how the protagonist in the story has applied leaderships skills into their own career path. â€Å"Checklist Manifest: How To Get Things Right† and â€Å"Mountains Beyond Mountains† were both great read for me. Now we have switched gears to the book called â€Å"Leadership in Healthcare: Essential Values and Skills† this has focused on describing various additives that make up a great leader. We will discuss and explore some of the terms and suggestions written here by Carson F. Dye on makes a great leader. To me leader is someone who shows passion for the work he does and is eager to share it with the team, so as a whole the company or institution can move to a more efficient and productive environment. Essentially, every leader should have one thing in which is to enhance the current situation in the workplace whatever it may be, and by no means to be selfish. It all comes down to being transparent in your organization and gaining loyalty from the colleagues. â€Å"A leader is only as effective as the support that his followers grant him. Gaining that support is not possible if the leader does not earn others’ trust and loyalty† (Dye, C., 2010, p.56). Carson F. Dye could have not written better regarding how team dynamics work at the workplace. Not having trust in you leader leads to suspicion, and even worse, a control freak of the duties that are delegated because if you cannotShow MoreRelatedArticle: Performance Appraisal and Performance Management35812 Words   |  144 Pageslegislators by using a rating scale based upon personal qualities (Hackett, 1928). In 1800s the New York City Civil Service in USA introduced a formal appraisal program shortly before First World War. However, formal appraisal of employee‟s performance is believed to have been started for the first time during the First World War, when at the instance of Walter Dill Scatt, the US Army: adopted the â€Å"Man-to-man† rating system for evaluating military personnel (Oberg, 1972). This early employee‟s appraisal

Robin Hood Free Essays

Hero or Criminal? Many people consider Robin Hood a hero. He was definitely a hero to the peasants of Nottingham. After all he stole from the rich and gave to the poor. We will write a custom essay sample on Robin Hood or any similar topic only for you Order Now If I were poor he would have been my hero, too. But to the rich people of Nottingham he was nothing more than a criminal. I’m sure I wouldn’t think too highly of someone that stole my money. What Robin Hood never took into consideration was that even though the outcome was good the course of action he took wasn’t right. So was he a hero or a criminal? Some people consider him a kind hearted hero. Others think of him as a cold hearted criminal. So which is it? It all depends on your perspective. The legend of Robin Hood is one of the most famous legends around. â€Å"He is the subject of nearly forty English and Scottish ballads and numerous tales, plays, and films† (Wilhelm â€Å"Robin Hood†). But a legend isn’t always a fact. â€Å"Practically all that is known of the medieval legend of Robin Hood is derived from five surviving poems or ballads and a fragment of a play† (Holt 15). â€Å"The first literary reference to Robin Hood is in 1377. Much of the social background in the early ballads resembles the 14th century. But there are some reasons to believe that the Robin Hood legend was alive and well in the 13th century too. Hence, some historians like J. C. Holt prefer an earlier real Robin Hood† (Robin Hood-The Search for the Real Robin Hood 9). No one knows for sure if Robin Hood is even a real character. â€Å"According to one traditional story, Robin Hood was actually the Earl of Huntingdon, and his real name was Robert Fitzooth. But many scholars believe Robin Hood is completely fictitious. (â€Å"Robin Hood† 346). Roger Dodsworth, one of the greatest figures of the antiquarian movement of the seventeenth century, noted: Robert Locksley, born in Bradfield parish, in Hallamshire [S. Yorkshire], wounded his stepfather to death at plough: fled into the woods, and was relieved by his mother till he was discovered. Then he came to Clifton upon Calder, and came acquainted with Little John, that kept the ki ne, which said John is buried at Hathershed in Derbyshire, where he hath a fair tombstone with an inscription. Mr. Long saith that Fabyan saith, Little John was an Earl Huntingdon . After he joined with Much, the Miller’s son. (Holt 44) There are also some other people that could have inspired the Robin Hood legend. Perhaps the earliest outlaw Robin Hood is Robert Hood, servant of the Abbot of Cirencester. Sometime between 1213 and 1216, he murdered a man named Ralph in the abbot’s garden. Most Robin Hood legends stories do give the legendary outlaw a grudge against the church. But J. C. Holt dismisses this one as being too far from Robin’s usual setting. (Robin Hood-The Search for the Real Robin Hood 9) There is also evidence to support the legend. A tombstone has been found with the following inscription: Here underneath this little stone Lies Robert, Earl of Huntington. Ne’er archer was as he so good And people called him Robin Hood. Such outlaws as he and his men Will England never see again. (Lapman v) This leads some people to believe that Robin Hood is based on a real person. Real or fictitious it is still a legend. How to cite Robin Hood, Papers

The Mummification Process and Its Meaning to Ancient Egypt free essay sample

Student name Instructor Institution Date Due The Mummification Process and its Meaning to Ancient Egypt Mummification process Apparently the first issue that many people tend to imagine after the words â€Å"mummy† and â€Å"Egypt† are mentioned is a given body that is wrapped in strips of cloth. However when considering the country and especially a couple of years back, the then mummies, notably the first ones, were naturally made in the desert sand. With their belief system developing, ancient Egyptians adopted another strategy of artificially making mummies. Actually this explains why they deliberately kept bodies of preserved bodies of those people who had just died, otherwise referred to as embalming. It is interesting to note that it took at around seventy days for the ancient Egyptians to convert a dead body to a mummy (Brier). The procedure of mummy production was as below: 1. Washing and thorough cleaning of the body only using water from river Nile. We will write a custom essay sample on The Mummification Process and Its Meaning to Ancient Egypt or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2. Removal of the internal organs considering that they normally bear a lot of water. This means that they had to be removed before that particular body was embalmed. a. The brain had to be taken out but through the nose before being discarded away. The belief the ancient Egyptians held on was that the brain was not of much help as it just stuffing for the head. b. The heart was preserved and so left within the body. According to their belief, the heart was one significant body organ that they could not dare throw away. Their major argument was that the body besides controlling ones thoughts, it also controlled ones emotions, and generally it served as the place where the memories were stored, hence being termed as quite an imperative body part. . There other parts that taken out separately before being embalmed. They are the intestines, liver, stomach and the lungs. The four different parts had to be placed in a four different containers that were referred to as canopic jars. These given canopic jars were then placed beside the mummy when it was afterwards placed in a tomb. The rest of the organs were just thrown away. 3. At this point the body coul d be within a period of approximately forty days covered in a type of salt known as natron. It is worth noting that these were the days required in order for the body to dry out. 4. The body had to be stuffed using the incense. In actual fact frankincense and myrrh were the ones commonly used. To ensure that the body could in no way absorb water, it had to be smeared with resin. 5. The final stage covering of the mummy with amulets and wrapping it using strips of linen. Linen happens to be a cloth material that is normally made from flax. Apparently it is comparable to cotton. Amulets are just some curved figures that are alleged to posses some magical power. One imperative amulet was the scarab beetle. This one was usually over the heart to guarantee maximum protection. Meaning mummification to the ancient Egyptians The answer to this issue is quite challenging though it was apparently that the entire process had something to with religion. Ancient Egyptians strongly believed in an afterlife. They alleged that the Afterlife was a perfect version of a different life along the River Nile, which had a lot of water, fruit trees, some animals to hunt and mostly crops. If one was rich and did not opt to farm, they had to ascertain that there were plenty of some tiny statues that were referred to as Ushabtis. These had to be placed on the tomb. Ushabtis were structured in a way that they small, carved, mummy-like figurine that had a spell along with it, meant to ensure that it will do any hard work with regard to the entombed person(Lichtenberg). Besides the ushabtis, some other various items were occasionally included in the tomb, along with the mummy, the coffin and then the four canopic jars. These day to day items normally included cloths, furniture, some cooking equipment and sometimes food. If the particular mummified person was rich, most of these additional items could be made of gold, though some other precious riches could also be included in the tomb as well. A perfect example is the famous Pharaoh King Tutankhamun’s tomb, that included not even one but three elaborately decorated coffins, a well designed shrine meant to hold the canopic jars, a separate couch made of gold, a golden throne and some other numerous pieces of finel crafted jewelry(Bean). Works Cited Bean, Joseph W. Mummification: Down at the End of Bondage Street (SMTech Educational) [Illustrated]. The Nazca Plains Corporation , 2005. Brier, Bob. Egyptian Mummies: Unraveling the Secrets of an Ancient Art. Harper Perennial , 1996. Lichtenberg, Francoise Dunand Roger. Mummies and Death in Egypt. Cornell University Press; 1 edition , 2006.

PlatoSocrates Excellence in Virtue free essay sample

Excellence in Virtue introduction â€Å"Socrates’ positive influence touches us even today† (May 6) and we can learn a great deal about him from one of his students, Plato. It is in Plato’s report of Socrates’ trial a work entitled, Apology, and a friend’s visit to his jail cell while he is awaiting his death in Crito, that we discover a man like no other. Socrates was a man following a path he felt that the gods had wanted him to follow and made no excuses for his life and they way he lived it. The passage I have chosen from Plato’s Apology is the main passage to which Socrates believed in until his death and gave the basis for his life and they way he chose to live his life. It is this passage that makes clear all of Plato’s writings and perhaps why even in living his own life he chose emulate and follow Socrates and ultimately became one of his better-known students. We will write a custom essay sample on PlatoSocrates Excellence in Virtue or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To prove this, the paper is organized into four sections. In the first section, I will give the key passage, along with some textual context to give background details. In the second section, I will provide some relevant biographical/historical information about the author and the time period for when the text was written. In the third section, I will provide a detailed analysis meaning and arguments of my key passage and in the fourth section; I will explain the meaning of three passages that support the key passage of the paper. However, before we can move any further into this process, I will present my key passage on which this paper is based. key passage As long as I have breath and strength I will not give up philosophy and exhorting you and declaring the truth to every one of you whom I meet, saying as I am accustomed, ‘My good friend, you are a citizen of Athens, a city which is very great and very famous for its wisdom and power-are you not ashamed of caring so much for the making of money and for fame and prestige, when you neither think nor care about your wisdom and truth and the improvement of your soul? ’ If he disputes my words and says that he does are about these things I shall not at once release him and go away: I shall question him and cross-examine him and test him. If I think that he has not attained excellence, though he says that he has, I shall reproach him for undervaluing the most valuable things, and overvaluing those things that are less valuable. This I shall do to everyone whom I meet, young or old, citizen or stranger, but especially to citizens, since they are more closely related to me. This, you must recognize, the god has commanded me to do. And I think that no greater good has ever befallen you in the state than my service to the god. For I spend my whole life in going about and persuading you all to give your first and greatest care to the improvement of your souls, and not till you have done that to think of your bodies or your wealth. And I tell you that wealth does not bring excellence, but that wealth and every other good thing which men have, whether in public or in private, come from excellence. † (Baird amp; Kaufmann 29-30) In this passage Socrates is our speaker and he is presenting his defense against the charges that have been brought against him by Meletus, Anytus, and Lycon. The charges they have brought against Socrates are for corrupting the youth and worshipping gods other than the ones all other Athenians worshipped at that time in Ancient Greece. This passage is one of many times that Socrates brings to light the fact that what he has been doing by going around questioning people about their beliefs is commanded by the gods and that he should not be put to death for doing what has been asked of him. Socrates presents many times that what he is doing in trying to get people to not just question what they believe, but to work on the improvement of their souls. He believes and so states in the passage that wealth and fame do not bring excellence to a person’s life, but you become a better person first by improving your soul and that is actually where excellence can be found. Once a person has done this then they can concern themselves with other matters. Stating that you first turn your attention inward and then outward to the larger society could sum up the general message of Socrates. While he does not explicitly say this one could reasonably interpret from Socrates defense that he believes the reason for the charges that have been brought up against him are due to a lack of understanding by the Athenian public of his mission and purpose as well as the authority he has to do it. This is what he is attempting to do in this passage, explain what he has been doing and that the god of all Athenians commanded him to do this work and that he has done nothing wrong. historical/biographical information Though Socrates ran no formal school, one can find in any number of books on Plato, that he was a student of Socrates in Ancient Greece. According to Baird and Kaufmann Plato probably first began following Socrates sometimes in his twenties, though one cannot be sure of the exact date (4). The Apology, along with Crito, are just a number of texts written by Plato on the teachings and beliefs held by Socrates. â€Å"The Apology is generally regarded as one of Plato’s first and as eminently faithful to what Socrates said at his trial on charges of impiety and corruption of the youth† (Baird amp; Kaufmann 5). The time of Socrates trial was around 399 B. C. in Athens, Greece and â€Å"many contemporary scholars maintain that Plato’s Apology was writing within the first two to three years following Socrates’ trial and execution† (Brickhouse amp; Smith 1). The charges against Socrates were corruption of the youth and worshipping some other god rather than the ones commonly held to be believed in by other Athenians. It is important to note as reported by Brickhouse and Smith that, â€Å"Athens had only just concluded the Peloponnesian War. The effects of the war had been disastrous on her economy; factions blamed each other for her defeats, and suspicion and power-mongering were rife† (19). By this very fact they were looking for someone to blame for their problems and Socrates was an excellent choice. It should come as no surprise â€Å"that Athenians looked for the guilty among thinkers like Socrates. After all, by their very nature and regardless of their particular persuasions, such intellectual challenge established wisdom and tradition† (Brickhouse amp; Smith 19). Then the charges brought against Socrates and his trial were a course of action that the Athenians could see nothing wrong with at that time. Socrates was definitely a man before his time. Socrates was placed on trial for the questioning he did of others because he was pushing people in their long-held beliefs, which probably gave rise to fear. Even though Socrates felt justified in his actions many did not hold that same theory. In fact, May states, â€Å"most people would be quite irritated if someone criticized their moral beliefs. Imagine conversing with someone who continually pointed out the weakness in your beliefs† (5). There are very few people that when pushed into why they believe what they do can generally come up with a concrete answer as to why they believe that way. In my opinion, much of what people believe in is based on tradition; either from your own family or culturally and many times occurs as a combination of both. Plato’s dialogues are perhaps a fair representation of Socrates’ teachings however, he does not give a consistent portrait of Socrates (May 20). May goes onto say that â€Å"character ‘Socrates’ is portrayed differently in some of Plato’s dialogues because in some of them. Plato is writing in order to chronicle the historical Socrates, whereas in others, Plato uses the character ‘Socrates’ as a mouthpiece of his own philosophical position† (20). â€Å"Although Plato originally started to write his dialogues in order to chronicle the historical Socrates, he eventually started to write dialogues that were devoted to Plato’s actual philosophical views† (20). It was this writing that caused Plato to formulate his own views in an attempt to answer some of the questions that Socrates had posed along the way (May 20). Regardless of which Socrates is speaking the message however is the same in that excellence can be found in virtue over any other thing a person may possess. In addition, Socrates did not do any writing himself so all we have to go on is what Plato presented to us in his various texts. anaylsis In this passage, Socrates is telling the Athenian jury that he is innocent on the charges brought against him and why he is innocent. This passage is of extreme importance of understanding and interpreting Plato’s writings because it is a theme that is repeated throughout his works. Our character Socrates feels that people should be more concerned with the perfecting their souls more than anything else in their life. He believes that in his quest to help people find their way he is actually doing as the gods dictated. Socrates also states that the only reason his is wise is because he knows that the only thing he does know is that he does not know anything worth knowing (Brickhouse amp; Smith 129). In fact he so states in his defense when he says â€Å"I am wiser than this man; neither one of knows anything that is really worth knowing, but he thinks that he has knowledge when he has not, while I, having no knowledge, do no think that I have, I seem, at any rate, to be a little wiser than he is on this point: I do not know what I do not know† (Baird amp; Kaufmann 24). Socrates believes that it is really the gods that are wise and humans do not possess any wisdom. He believes that the best a human can do is to work on improving their souls and it is through this action that a person can achieve a life of excellence. In fact, in a later section of the Apology, Socrates even states, â€Å"an unexamined life is not worth living† (Baird amp; Kaufmann 34). That statement speaks to the true nature of Plato’s writings and how he wanted to impress upon others to live a better life. May even supports this idea when she states, â€Å"Socrates claims that the meaning of Apollo’s oracle that humans cannot possess wisdom. Remember, Socrates does not believe that even he possesses wisdom, as he believes that real wisdom is the property of God† (44). While taking into account the turbulent times of Athens one could easily understand why that anyone questioning â€Å"the establishment† would gain much notoriety and attention. While repeatedly Plato reports that Socrates felt he was doing gods work others were not as easily persuaded. Change is never welcomed by a society, because change means the known is questioned and people are stretched in ways they had not anticipated.

Mediation, Arbitration, and Litigation

Mediation, Arbitration, and Litigation Mediation, Arbitration, and Litigation Mediation, Arbitration, and Litigation By Maeve Maddox In general usage, mediate and arbitrate are synonyms. However, as a reader pointed out when I used the words mediator and arbitrated in a sentence illustrating the difference between uninterested and disinterested, the roles of mediator and arbitrator in a legal context are distinct. Note: Like arbitrator, the noun arbiter also means â€Å"one who judges.† Arbiter usually refers to someone who judges matters of taste or etiquette: â€Å"Gradually, the arbiters of the New York art world caught on. Superlatives in The New York Times became almost routine.† The reader, who has served as both mediator and arbitrator, explains the difference this way: As a mediator, I help to facilitate a resolution of matters  in dispute, a resolutionthat all parties then agree to. I do not decide the matter, the parties do.    As an arbitrator, I act as a judge although I consider the parties respective  proposals for resolution, I decide how the matters will be resolved. Because litigation is time-consuming and extremely expensive, processes called mediation and arbitration have become popular as alternatives or adjuncts to litigation. litigation: any lawsuit or other resort to the courts to determine a legal question or matter. mediation: an attempt to settle a legal dispute with the help of a mediator (neutral third party) who works with the disputants to find points of agreement and reach a fair solution. arbitration: an informal trial presided over by a person or panel of persons (neutral third parties) who are not judges in the judicial system. Mediation may or may not result in a satisfactory settlement. With arbitration, the disputing parties (usually) agree in advance to accept the decision of the arbitrator/s. Sources: FindLaw.com and Law.com Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. HadWhen to Form a Plural with an ApostropheIf I Was vs. If I Were

The Current and Futuristic Position of Etisalat Assignment

The Current and Futuristic Position of Etisalat - Assignment Example Furthermore, the report looks into the factors that limit the company’s efficiency and effectiveness on a global and national front. According to research carried out, it is notable that entering a foreign market can pose unique sets of problems that a company had not previously in the country of origin (Womack and Jones, p. 12). Emirates Telecommunications Corporation, which operates under the brand name Etisalat is a service provider in the telecommunication sector. The company is incorporated in the UAE and is operational in at least eighteen nations especially in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. Mobile Network Code (MNC), a global regulator of the telecommunication industry asserts that, at present, Etisalat is ranked as the fifth biggest operator in the mobile telecommunication sector, having a massive consumer base of close to one hundred and twenty million people globally. MNC, which offers a list of mobile national codes under ISO 3166-1 country codes, asserts that Etisalat is a key player in the global telecommunication sector, having been founded in the year 1976. As at February 2011, Etisalat gives an account of a net income of AED 31.9 billion ($8.4 billion), with profit margins reaching AED 7.63 billion or $ 2.07 billion. The company is a joint-stock corporation held by local affiliates and int ernationally reputed companies such as International Aeradio Limited and another company based in Britain. The ownership structure of the company shifted significantly in 1983 when the government of the United Arab Emirates acquired up to 60% of the company’s shares, before trading the remaining 40% in the public market.